TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary...1 Introduction...6 SECTION 1: CASES...10 1.1 New Cases...12 1.2 Pending Cases... 13 1.3 Case Type...14 1.4 Case Type by District...18 SECTION 2: DEFENDANTS...20 2.1 New Defendants...22 2.2 Pending Defendants...24 2.3 Defendants by Case Type...24 2.4 Entity Defendants...26 2.5 Buyer-Defendants...26 2.6 Defendants by Victim Type...27 2.7 Defendant Demographics...28 2.8 Defendants on the Sex Offender Registry...29 2.9 Defendant Military Affiliation...30 2.10 Defendant Arrest Location...30 2.11 Defendant Position of Trust...32 SECTION 3: VICTIMS...34 3.1 Victims...36 3.2 Victims by Case Type...36 3.3 Victim Demographics: Age & Gender...36 3.4 Fictitious Victims...41 3.5 Victim “Bottoms”...42 3.6 Victim Vulnerabilities...43 3.7 Length of Victim Exploitation...47 3.8 Victim Self-Reporting...48 3.9 Victim Interaction with Healthcare...50 3.10 Death of Victim During Exploitation...50 3.11 Foreign National Victims...53 SECTION 4: HUMAN TRAFFICKING SCHEMES...56 4.1 Sex Trafficking Schemes...58 4.1.1 Single and Multiple Defendant Trafficking Models...59 4.1.2 Recruitment...61 4.1.3 Methods of Coercion...65 4.1.4 Solicitation of Buyers...69 4.1.5 Child Sexual Abuse Material...72 4.1.6 Online Payment Platforms...74 4.1.7 Location of Commercial Sex Acts...74 4.1.8 Modes of Transportation...78 4.2 Forced Labor Schemes...82 4.2.1 Industries...82 4.2.2 Recruitment...84 4.2.3 Methods of Coercion...85 SECTION 5: INVESTIGATIONS...88 5.1 Reactive Investigations...90 5.2 Referrals in Sex Trafficking Cases...94 5.3 Referrals in Forced Labor Cases...95 5.4 Proactive Investigations & Sting Operations...95 5.5 Investigative Agencies...99 5.6 Task Forces...101 5.7 Use of Experts...111 SECTION 6: TYPES OF CHARGES...112 6.1 Human Trafficking Charges...114 6.2 Sex Trafficking Charges...114 6.3 Forced Labor Charges...117 SECTION 7: DISPOSITION & SENTENCING...118 7.1 Disposition of Charges...120 7.2 Convictions...121 7.3 Convictions by Count...124 7.4 Sentences...125 7.5 Monetary Penalties...130 7.6 Victim Restitution...132 7.7 Asset Forfeiture...134 7.8 Length of Disposition...136 SECTION 8: APPEALS...138 8.1 Appellate Court Dispositions...140 8.2 Issues on Appeal...141 8.3 Writs of Certiorari...141 SECTION 9: COUNTRY PROGRAMS...142 Uganda...145 Belize...155 SECTION 10: METHODOLOGY & TERMINOLOGY...156 Appendix...172 |